1. Aceto Nitrile
Acetonitrile is used in battery applications, a popular solvent in cyclic voltammeter and liquid chromatography. In industries, it is used as a solvent for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, Vitamin- B, pesticides, fragrances, photographic film. Acetonitrile is used mining industry for the extraction and refining of copper and oil industry for extraction of fatty acids from tallow and veg oils.
2. Acetone
Acetone (C3H6O)is a colourless, mobile flammable liquid, it is a typically a solvent for cleaning purposes in laboratory, an active ingredient in nail polish remover and a paint thinner. It also goes into many solvent applications with pharmaceuticals the largest sector and is used to make a number of chemical intermediates. The solvents sector is also a significant outlet for acetone. Pharmaceuticals is the largest acetone solvent consumer with significant quantities also being used in glass reinforced plastics, cigarette tow, rubber chemicals and household, cosmetic and personal care products. Other smaller uses include surface coatings, electronics, printing inks and hot stamp foils. It is also used as a carrier for acetylene in cylinders.
3. Cyclohexane
Cyclohexane is a colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used). Cyclohexane is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon. It is frequently used as a recrystallization solvent, as many organic compounds exhibit good solubility in hot cyclohexane and poor solubility at low temperatures. Cyclohexane is also used for calibration of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) instruments, because of a convenient crystal-crystal transition at −87.1 °C.
4. Dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide, DMF is an organic compound with the chemical formula HCON(CH3)2. Its structure is HC−N(−CH3)2. Commonly abbreviated as DMF, this colourless liquid is miscible with water and the majority of organic liquids. DMF is a common solvent for chemical reactions. Used in Phamaceuticals and Pesticide Industries.
5. Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl acetate (C4H8O2) is a colourless liquid with a fruity odour; it is soluble in most of the organic solvents, such as acetone, alcohol, ether and chloroform. It finds wide application as a solvent across many industries; however, ethyl acetate is only slightly soluble in water. Ethyl acetate is used in industries that cater to end consumers, for example, perfumes, paints and food industry. Ethyl acetate is an active solvent, and is mainly used in industrial lacquers and enamels. Thus, the paint and printing industries are one of the major consumers of ethyl acetate. It is also used in the manufacture of perfumes, artificial fruit essences, aroma enhancers, and artificial flavours for confectionary, creams, and cakes. In addition, ethyl acetate finds use in flexible packaging due to its evaporation properties, and its use in the extraction of oil, camphor, fats, and antibiotics.
6. Iso Prophyl Alcohol
Iso Prophyl Alcohol (C3H8O) is used in Pharmaceutical industry as a general purpose solvent and in Process manufacturing industry, it is used for manufacture of acetone, glycerol, isopropyl acetate and as a raw material for isopropyl esters. Also used in brewing in denaturing ethyl alcohol and cosmetics as a body rubs, hand lotion & after-shave.
7. Isopropyl Acetate
Isopropyl Acetate (C5H10O2) is an organic compound, it is a product of condensation of acetic acid and isopropanol, a clear colourless liquid with a characteristic fruity odour. Isopropyl acetate is a fast evaporation solvent. Over three fourths of it is used in in coating, gravure printing inks for plastic films, perfumes and adhesives.
8. Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
Methyl tert-butyl ether, also known as tert-butyl methyl ether, is an organic compound with a structural formula (CH3)3COCH3. MTBE is a volatile, flammable, and colorless liquid that is sparingly soluble in water. Used in Pharmaceuticals and Paint Ancillary industries.
9. Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydrofuran (C4H8O) is colourless liquid water miscible organic liquid, used in as general-purpose solvent in pharmaceutical industries and in photographic films. It is a HPLC and spectrophotometer grade solvents. Tetrahydrofuran has many uses in the industrial marketplace. It is a versatile industrial solvent for natural and synthetic resins and is a solvent used in the production of nylon. Also it is an industrial solvent for PVC.
10. Toluene
Toluene is a clear water-insoluble solvent with a molecular formula of C7H8. It has an aromatic, benzene-like smell and is a highly volatile flammable liquid with a flash point of 4° C. It is obtained from petroleum and coal tar and is predominantly used as a solvent in the manufacturing of other organic chemicals. The main chemical use of toluene is to make benzene, xylenes and other solvents. It can also be used to manufacture other chemicals such as phenol, nitrobenzene, benzoic acid and benzyl chloride. As a solvent, toluene can be used in paints, paint thinners, adhesives, inks, resins, cleaning agents, leather tanners and inks The user end markets of this product are the chemical, paints, adhesive, leather, cleaning, plastics, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
11. Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) is a versatile organic solvent with a wide range of industrial applications. Known for its excellent solvency properties, MEK is commonly used as a varnish, paint and adhesive thinner, as well as a cleaning agent and degreaser.
Methyl Ethyl Ketone is a highly effective solvent with a low boiling point, that makes it an excellent choice for applications where quick evaporation is desirable. Its efficient and versatility performance make it a valuable ingredient in a wide range of industrial and commercial products.
12. Mixed xylene (MX)
Mixed xylenes are the second-most-important aromatic product in terms of world consumption for chemical manufacturing, ranking behind benzene but ahead of toluene. The term mixed xylenes refers to the equilibrium mixture of four isomers with the same C8H10 chemical formula—para-xylene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, and ethylbenzene.
Mixed Xylenes are used as a solvent in printing, rubber, and leather industries. It is a common component of ink, rubber, and adhesives. In thinning paints and varnishes, it can be substituted for toluene where slower drying is desired, and thus is used by conservators of art objects in solubility testing. Similarly it is a cleaning agent, e.g., for steel, integrated circuits and silicon wafers.
13. Ortho Xylene
Ortho Xylene also referred to as o-Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon and its formula is C6H4(CH3)2. Being colorless, flammable and slightly oily ortho xylene uses are quite predominant.
o-Xylene is largely used in the production of phthalic anhydride, which is a precursor to many materials, drugs, and other chemicals. o-Xylene is used as a solvent in printing, rubber, and leather industries.
14. Butanol
Butanol is primarily used as a solvent and as an intermediate in chemical synthesis, and may be used as a fuel.
Butanol is used as a solvent for a wide variety of chemical and textile processes, in organic synthesis, and as a chemical intermediate. It is also used as a paint thinner and a solvent in other coating applications where a relatively slow evaporating latent solvent is preferable, as with lacquers and ambient-cured enamels. It is also used as a component of hydraulic and brake fluids.
15. n-butanol
n-Butanol, also known as butan-1-ol or 1-butanol, is a primary alcohol with the chemical formula C4H9OH and a linear structure. n-Butanol occurs naturally as a minor product of the ethanol fermentation of sugars and other saccharides and is present in many foods and drinks.
n-Butanol is used as an ingredient in processed and artificial flavorings, and for the extraction of lipid-free protein from egg yolk, natural flavouring materials and vegetable oils, the manufacture of hop extract for beermaking, and as a solvent in removing pigments from moist curd leaf protein concentrate.
16. Mixed solvents (Thinner)
A mixed solvent is a combination of two miscible liquids, one that's a solvent and one that's a precipitant. A solvent is liquid in which a compound is highly soluble and a precipitant is a liquid in which a compound has low solubility.
Mixed solvents are used in a variety of applications, including Thinner and paints, Cleaning, resin manufacture and Wood coating.
17. Methylene dichloride (MDC)
Methylene Dichloride (MDC), is a volatile, colorless solvent. It is non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40℃, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea. It has a role as a polar aprotic solvent, a carcinogenic agent and a refrigerant.
Methylene dichloride (MDC), also known as dichloromethane, is used as a solvent in Chemical research and manufacturing, Paint and varnish removal, Degreasing agent, Propellant and blowing agent, Pharmaceutical extraction, Food and beverage manufacturing, Metal cleaning and degreasing industries.
18. Hexane
Hexane is an organic compound, a straight-chain alkane with six carbon atoms and the molecular formula C6H14. Hexane is a colorless liquid, odorless when pure, and with a boiling point of approximately 69 °C (156 °F). It is widely used as a cheap, relatively safe, largely unreactive, and easily evaporated non-polar solvent, and modern gasoline blends contain about 3% hexane.
Hexanes are used in the formulation of glues for shoes, leather products, and roofing. They are also used to extract cooking oils (such as canola oil or soybean oil) from seeds, for cleansing and degreasing a variety of items, and in textile manufacturing.